五金制品行業(ye)(ye)(ye)在歷經(jing)三十多年的改革開放以(yi)后，呈現(xian)出迅速(su)發展的態勢，企業(ye)(ye)(ye)所有(you)(you)制開始(shi)(shi)轉變為以(yi)民營為主，企業(ye)(ye)(ye)所在地開始(shi)(shi)向(xiang)廣東、浙江、江蘇、上海、山東等市(shi)場經(jing)濟發育較早(zao)的地區集中，這些地區的政府開始(shi)(shi)認識到(dao)特(te)色(se)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)的發展有(you)(you)利于政府增加(jia)財(cai)政收(shou)入，有(you)(you)利于產業(ye)(ye)(ye)的結(jie)構優化，有(you)(you)利于當地居民的就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)與增加(jia)收(shou)入，有(you)(you)利于區域(yu)經(jing)濟的良性發展，因而花大(da)力氣打造特(te)色(se)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)基地。

按照《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)行業特(te)色區域稱號命名(ming)管(guan)理辦法》(修訂稿)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的命名(ming)辦法來(lai)劃分(fen)：現有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)產(chan)品(pin)之(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)3個，即(ji)：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)鎖(suo)都(dou)(溫(wen)(wen)州)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)閥門之(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)(玉環)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)鈕扣之(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)(橋頭);有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)產(chan)業基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)8個，即(ji)：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)制(zhi)品(pin)產(chan)業基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(小(xiao)欖)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(水口(kou))水龍頭生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不銹鋼制(zhi)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(新(xin)會)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(溫(wen)(wen)州)金(jin)(jin)屬外殼打(da)火機生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(溫(wen)(wen)州)剃須刀(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)制(zhi)品(pin)(余(yu)姚)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)出口(kou)工具生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(金(jin)(jin)華)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)絲網產(chan)業基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(安平);有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)(鎮(zhen))3個，即(ji)：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)拉鏈之(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)(橋頭)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)(永康)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)鎮(zhen)(大新(xin)鎮(zhen))。據模具網CEO羅(luo)百(bai)輝調查，發現中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)沖壓加工件行業存在以(yi)下主(zhu)要(yao)問題：

一、專業化程度低，形(xing)不(bu)成(cheng)規模，經濟效益(yi)差

五金(jin)(jin)沖(chong)(chong)壓件(jian)(jian)(jian)與主(zhu)(zhu)機相(xiang)比，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)建(jian)立初始資金(jin)(jin)技(ji)術所(suo)需投入相(xiang)對(dui)較少，經歷國(guo)家(jia)幾(ji)次經濟大(da)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)時期，一批(pi)民營(ying)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)如雨后春筍(sun)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)起來(lai)，但(dan)因市場需求點多(duo)、批(pi)量(liang)(liang)小，形(xing)不(bu)成經濟規(gui)模。大(da)多(duo)數五金(jin)(jin)件(jian)(jian)(jian)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)本(ben)身就大(da)而全(quan)或小而全(quan)，專業(ye)(ye)化(hua)程度低，裝備水平不(bu)高，質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)穩定(ding)，經濟效益(yi)低。如我國(guo)電機行(xing)業(ye)(ye)三家(jia)大(da)型骨(gu)干企(qi)業(ye)(ye)年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)微型電機總量(liang)(liang)還不(bu)到國(guo)外一家(jia)著名(ming)公司50%。近(jin)兩(liang)年(nian)(nian)，我國(guo)局部地(di)區建(jian)成上千家(jia)沖(chong)(chong)壓件(jian)(jian)(jian)廠，但(dan)年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)30萬(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)以上只(zhi)有幾(ji)家(jia)，主(zhu)(zhu)要產(chan)(chan)品(pin)為(wei)農機配套(tao)。而德國(guo)力士樂公司年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)各種沖(chong)(chong)壓件(jian)(jian)(jian)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)130萬(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，日本(ben)油研(yan)(株)也年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)60萬(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)以上。工業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)達國(guo)家(jia)模具企(qi)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)均產(chan)(chan)值約15萬(wan)(wan)～20萬(wan)(wan)美元，我國(guo)只(zhi)有4萬(wan)(wan)～5萬(wan)(wan)元人(ren)民幣。羅百輝指出，近(jin)年(nian)(nian)來(lai)，隨著多(duo)種所(suo)有制共(gong)同發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)政策落(luo)實，五金(jin)(jin)件(jian)(jian)(jian)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)正經歷著由分散到逐漸集(ji)集(ji)約化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)過程。

二、資(zi)金(jin)投入(ru)不(bu)足，科研開發力量薄弱(ruo)

五金(jin)(jin)件各(ge)行(xing)業20世(shi)紀70年代末(mo)、80年代初就較(jiao)早(zao)地(di)引(yin)進(jin)了一批國(guo)外先(xian)進(jin)技(ji)術，但(dan)對(dui)消化(hua)吸收缺乏足夠軟硬件投(tou)入(ru)。據國(guo)外經(jing)驗，引(yin)進(jin)技(ji)術與消化(hua)吸收所(suo)需資金(jin)(jin)比例約為1:7，而我國(guo)對(dui)此認識較(jiao)晚，消化(hua)吸收步子較(jiao)慢(man)。市場競(jing)爭實(shi)際上技(ji)術實(shi)力較(jiao)量。國(guo)外對(dui)此極為重視，紛紛加大(da)投(tou)入(ru)，占領技(ji)術制高(gao)點。各(ge)大(da)著(zhu)名(ming)公司用于科(ke)研開發資金(jin)(jin)均(jun)占其銷售(shou)額(e)4%～5%，重點領域達10%。目前我國(guo)雖然有(you)不少高(gao)等院(yuan)校從事科(ke)研工作(zuo)，不少理論研究、科(ke)研成(cheng)果(guo)、專利論文均(jun)有(you)相(xiang)當高(gao)水(shui)平(ping)，但(dan)與生(sheng)產實(shi)際結合不緊，特別轉化(hua)成(cheng)商品速度慢(man)。

三、原材料(liao)及相關技術落后

由于緊(jin)固件、鏈條、彈簧、軸承、模具等(deng)產(chan)品(pin)所使用(yong)(yong)國產(chan)鋼材質量(liang)差、品(pin)種(zhong)規格少，直接影響了(le)沖(chong)壓件產(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)。機械基礎(chu)(chu)件一(yi)般都成批、大(da)(da)量(liang)生(sheng)產(chan)，也(ye)有多品(pin)種(zhong)、加工精(jing)度(du)要求高(gao)產(chan)品(pin)，因(yin)此(ci)對生(sheng)產(chan)工藝(yi)及其裝(zhuang)備要求高(gao)，投資(zi)大(da)(da)。國外多采用(yong)(yong)高(gao)效(xiao)高(gao)精(jing)度(du)專機、生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)或柔性線(xian)，實現高(gao)效(xiao)自(zi)動(dong)化生(sheng)產(chan)。但我國一(yi)些基礎(chu)(chu)件企業受資(zi)金(jin)制(zhi)約(yue)，投入力度(du)不大(da)(da)，企業自(zi)我改造能力差，先進(jin)設備少又(you)不配(pei)套(tao)，影響了(le)產(chan)品(pin)上質量(liang)上檔次。