五金制品行業(ye)在歷經三十多年的(de)(de)改革開(kai)放(fang)以后，呈現(xian)出迅(xun)速發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)態勢，企業(ye)所(suo)有(you)制開(kai)始轉變為(wei)以民(min)營為(wei)主，企業(ye)所(suo)在地(di)(di)(di)(di)開(kai)始向廣東(dong)、浙江、江蘇、上海、山東(dong)等市場經濟發(fa)(fa)育較早的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)集中，這些地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)政府(fu)(fu)開(kai)始認識到特色產(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展有(you)利(li)于(yu)政府(fu)(fu)增(zeng)加財政收入，有(you)利(li)于(yu)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)結構優化，有(you)利(li)于(yu)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)居民(min)的(de)(de)就業(ye)與增(zeng)加收入，有(you)利(li)于(yu)區(qu)域經濟的(de)(de)良性(xing)發(fa)(fa)展，因而花大力氣打造特色產(chan)業(ye)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)。

按照《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)五(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)特色區域稱號命名(ming)管理辦法》(修訂稿)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的命名(ming)辦法來劃分：現(xian)有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)五(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)產(chan)(chan)品之都(dou)3個，即(ji)：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)鎖(suo)都(dou)(溫(wen)州(zhou)(zhou))、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)閥門之都(dou)(玉(yu)環(huan))、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)鈕扣(kou)之都(dou)(橋(qiao)頭(tou)(tou));有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)五(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基地(di)8個，即(ji)：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)五(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)制品產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基地(di)(小欖)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(水(shui)口)水(shui)龍頭(tou)(tou)生產(chan)(chan)基地(di)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)不銹鋼(gang)制品生產(chan)(chan)基地(di)(新會(hui))、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(溫(wen)州(zhou)(zhou))金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)外殼打火機生產(chan)(chan)基地(di)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(溫(wen)州(zhou)(zhou))剃須刀生產(chan)(chan)基地(di)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)五(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)制品(余姚(yao))生產(chan)(chan)基地(di)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)出(chu)口工具生產(chan)(chan)基地(di)(金(jin)(jin)華)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)絲網產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基地(di)(安平(ping));有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)五(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)之鄉(鎮(zhen))3個，即(ji)：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)拉鏈之鄉(橋(qiao)頭(tou)(tou))、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)五(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)之鄉(永康)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)五(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)之鎮(zhen)(大新鎮(zhen))。據模具網CEO羅百(bai)輝調查，發現(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)五(wu)(wu)金(jin)(jin)沖壓(ya)加工件行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)存在以下主要問(wen)題：

一、專業化程度(du)低，形不(bu)成規模，經濟效益(yi)差

五金沖(chong)壓(ya)件(jian)(jian)(jian)與主機相(xiang)比，企(qi)(qi)業建(jian)立初始資金技術所(suo)需(xu)投入相(xiang)對較少(shao)，經歷國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)幾(ji)(ji)次經濟(ji)大(da)發(fa)展時期，一批(pi)民營生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業如(ru)雨(yu)后春筍發(fa)展起(qi)來(lai)，但(dan)因市場需(xu)求點多(duo)、批(pi)量(liang)小(xiao)，形不(bu)(bu)成經濟(ji)規模。大(da)多(duo)數五金件(jian)(jian)(jian)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業本身(shen)就大(da)而全(quan)或小(xiao)而全(quan)，專(zhuan)業化程度低，裝備水平(ping)不(bu)(bu)高(gao)，質(zhi)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)穩定，經濟(ji)效益(yi)低。如(ru)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)電機行(xing)業三家(jia)(jia)大(da)型骨干企(qi)(qi)業年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)微型電機總量(liang)還不(bu)(bu)到國(guo)(guo)外一家(jia)(jia)著(zhu)名公(gong)司(si)50%。近兩年(nian)(nian)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)局(ju)部地區建(jian)成上千家(jia)(jia)沖(chong)壓(ya)件(jian)(jian)(jian)廠(chang)，但(dan)年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)30萬件(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)上只有幾(ji)(ji)家(jia)(jia)，主要產(chan)(chan)(chan)品為農機配套(tao)。而德國(guo)(guo)力士(shi)樂公(gong)司(si)年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)各(ge)種沖(chong)壓(ya)件(jian)(jian)(jian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品130萬件(jian)(jian)(jian)，日本油研(株(zhu))也年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)60萬件(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)上。工業發(fa)達國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)模具企(qi)(qi)業人均產(chan)(chan)(chan)值約(yue)15萬～20萬美元(yuan)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)只有4萬～5萬元(yuan)人民幣。羅百(bai)輝指出，近年(nian)(nian)來(lai)，隨著(zhu)多(duo)種所(suo)有制共同(tong)發(fa)展政策(ce)落實，五金件(jian)(jian)(jian)行(xing)業正經歷著(zhu)由分散到逐漸集集約(yue)化發(fa)展過程。

二、資金投(tou)入不足(zu)，科研開(kai)發力(li)量薄弱(ruo)

五金件各(ge)行(xing)業(ye)20世(shi)紀70年代(dai)末、80年代(dai)初就(jiu)較早地引(yin)進了一批(pi)國(guo)外(wai)先進技術(shu)(shu)，但對消化(hua)吸收(shou)缺乏足夠軟硬件投入。據國(guo)外(wai)經驗，引(yin)進技術(shu)(shu)與消化(hua)吸收(shou)所需資金比例約為(wei)1:7，而我國(guo)對此認識較晚，消化(hua)吸收(shou)步子較慢。市場競爭(zheng)實(shi)際上技術(shu)(shu)實(shi)力較量。國(guo)外(wai)對此極為(wei)重視(shi)，紛(fen)紛(fen)加大投入，占領(ling)技術(shu)(shu)制(zhi)高(gao)點。各(ge)大著名公(gong)司用于科研(yan)(yan)開(kai)發資金均占其銷售(shou)額4%～5%，重點領(ling)域達10%。目前我國(guo)雖(sui)然有不少(shao)高(gao)等(deng)院校從事(shi)科研(yan)(yan)工作(zuo)，不少(shao)理(li)論(lun)研(yan)(yan)究、科研(yan)(yan)成果、專利(li)論(lun)文均有相當高(gao)水平(ping)，但與生(sheng)產(chan)實(shi)際結合不緊，特別轉化(hua)成商品(pin)速(su)度慢。

三、原材料及相(xiang)關技術落后

由于緊固件(jian)、鏈條(tiao)、彈(dan)簧、軸承、模具等產(chan)(chan)品(pin)所使用(yong)國產(chan)(chan)鋼材質量差、品(pin)種規格少，直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響了沖壓件(jian)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量。機(ji)械基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)件(jian)一般都成批、大量生產(chan)(chan)，也有多品(pin)種、加工(gong)精(jing)度(du)要(yao)求高產(chan)(chan)品(pin)，因此對(dui)生產(chan)(chan)工(gong)藝及其裝備要(yao)求高，投(tou)資大。國外(wai)多采(cai)用(yong)高效高精(jing)度(du)專機(ji)、生產(chan)(chan)線或柔性線，實現高效自動化生產(chan)(chan)。但我國一些基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)件(jian)企(qi)業受資金制約，投(tou)入力度(du)不大，企(qi)業自我改造能力差，先進設備少又不配套，影(ying)響了產(chan)(chan)品(pin)上質量上檔次。